Everything about Walther Nernst totally explained
Walther Hermann Nernst (
June 25,
1864 –
November 18,
1941) was a
German physicist who is known for his theories behind the calculation of
chemical affinity as embodied in the
third law of thermodynamics, for which he won the 1920 Nobel Prize in chemistry. Nernst helped establish the modern field of
physical chemistry and contributed to
electrochemistry,
thermodynamics,
solid state chemistry and
photochemistry. He is also known for developing the
Nernst equation.
Biography
Nernst was born in
Briesen in
West Prussia (now
Wąbrzeźno in
Poland). He studied physics and mathematics at the universities of
Zürich,
Berlin and
Graz. After some work at
Leipzig, he founded the
Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry at
Göttingen. Nernst
invented, in 1897, the
Nernst lamp, an
electric lamp using an incandescent ceramic rod (the successor to the
carbon lamp and the precursor to the
incandescent lamp). Nernst researched
osmotic pressure and
electrochemistry. In 1905, he established what he referred to as his "New Heat Theorem", later known as the
Third law of thermodynamics (which describes the behavior of
matter as temperatures approach
absolute zero).
In 1920, he received the
Nobel Prize in chemistry in recognition of his work in thermochemistry. In 1924, he became director of the
Institute of Physical Chemistry at Berlin, a position from which he retired in 1933. Nernst went on to work in
electroacoustics and
astrophysics.
Nernst developed an
electric piano, the "Neo-
Bechstein-Flügel" in 1930 in association with the Bechstein and Siemens companies, replacing the sounding board with radio amplifiers. The piano used electromagnetic
pickups to produce electronically modified and amplified sound in the same way as an
electric guitar.
His
Nernst glower, important in the field of infra-red
spectroscopy, is a solid-body radiator with a filament of rare-earth oxides. Continuous ohmic heating of the filament results in conduction. The glower operates best in wavelengths from 2 to 14 micrometers.
Nernst died in 1941 and is buried near
Max Planck in
Göttingen, Germany.
Publications
- Walther Nernst, "Reasoning of theoretical chemistry: Nine papers (1889-1921)" (Ger., Begründung der Theoretischen Chemie : Neun Abhandlungen, 1889-1921). Frankfurt am Main : Verlag Harri Deutsch, c. 2003. ISBN 3-8171-3290-5
- Walther Nernst, "The theoretical and experimental bases of the New Heat Theorem" (Ger., Die theoretischen und experimentellen Grundlagen des neuen Wärmesatzes). Halle [Ger.] W. Knapp, 1918 [tr.1926]. [ed.,this is a list of thermodynamical papers from the physico-chemical institute of the University of Berlin (1906-1916); Translation available by Guy Barr (LCCN 27002575)])
- Walther Nernst, "Theoretical chemistry from the standpoint of Avogadro's rule and thermodynamics" (Ger., Theoretische Chemie vom Standpunkte der Avogadroschen Regel und der Thermodynamik). Stuttgart, F. Enke, 1893 [5thedition, 1923]. LCCN po 28000417
Further Information
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